The production of energy from biomass , or bioenergy , includes processes that exploit a wide variety of materials, highly heterogeneous in nature . Biomass is the first form of solar energy . The photosynthesis generates biomass and indirectly supports all life on earth. Biomass is defined as " the biodegradable fraction of products , waste and residues from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances ), forestry and related industries , as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste " ( Legislative Decree 387/2003 ) . Such materials are suitable for energy production either directly as fuel , either turning them into substances more easily exploitable in conversion plants . The main conversion processes in fact are: - thermochemical , ie a transformation mainly through thermal energy that allows the chemical reactions necessary to turn matter into energy ( direct combustion , carbonization , pyrolysis , gasification, combustion ) - biochemical , when acting in the transformation biological elements ( anaerobic digestion , aerobic digestion , fermentation ) , - mechanical , that is, through the transformation of mechanical energy into the chemical energy of biomass input into chemical energy of a fuel outlet (extraction of vegetable oils and biodiesel production ) . The conversion process depends mainly on the properties of the biomass and the desired final product .

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